Diagnósticos psiquiátricos são considerados “cientificamente sem sentido” (vídeo em inglês)

Um novo estudo, publicado na Psychiatry Research, concluiu que os diagnósticos psiquiátricos são cientificamente inúteis como ferramentas para identificar desordens discretas de saúde mental.

O estudo, liderado por pesquisadores da Universidade de Liverpool, envolveu uma análise detalhada de cinco capítulos-chave da última edição do amplamente utilizado Manual de Diagnóstico e Estatística (DSM – Diagnostic and Statistical Manual), sobre ‘esquizofrenia’, ‘transtorno bipolar’ e ‘transtornos depressivos’, ‘transtornos de ansiedade’ e ‘transtornos relacionados ao trauma’.

Manuais de diagnóstico como o DSM foram criados para fornecer uma linguagem de diagnóstico comum para profissionais de saúde mental e tentar fornecer uma lista definitiva de problemas de saúde mental, incluindo seus sintomas.

Os principais resultados da pesquisa foram:

• Todos os diagnósticos psiquiátricos usam diferentes regras de tomada de decisão

• Existe uma enorme sobreposição de sintomas entre os diagnósticos

• Quase todos os diagnósticos mascaram o papel de trauma e eventos adversos

• Os diagnósticos nos dizem pouco sobre cada paciente e que tratamento eles precisam

Os autores concluem que a rotulagem diagnóstica representa ‘um sistema categórico falso’.

A pesquisadora principal, Dra. Kate Allsopp, Universidade de Liverpool, disse: “Embora os rótulos de diagnóstico criem a ilusão de uma explicação, eles são cientificamente sem sentido e podem criar estigma e preconceito. Espero que essas descobertas encorajem os profissionais de saúde mental a pensar além dos diagnósticos e considerar outras explicações sobre o sofrimento mental, como traumas e outras experiências adversas da vida.”

O professor Peter Kinderman, da Universidade de Liverpool, disse: “Este estudo fornece ainda mais evidências de que a abordagem diagnóstica biomédica em psiquiatria não é adequada para o propósito. O que os diagnósticos frequentemente e acriticamente relatam como ‘doenças reais’ são de fato feitos com base em padrões internamente inconsistentes, confusos e contraditórios de critérios amplamente arbitrários. O sistema de diagnóstico assume erroneamente que toda angústia resulta de desordem e depende muito de julgamentos subjetivos sobre o que é normal.”

Professor John Read, University of East London, said: “Perhaps it is time we stopped pretending that medical-sounding labels contribute anything to our understanding of the complex causes of human distress or of what kind of help we need when distressed.”

O professor John Read, da Universidade de East London, disse: “Talvez esteja na hora de pararmos de fingir que rótulos médicos contribuem alguma coisa para nossa compreensão das causas complexas do sofrimento humano ou de que tipo de ajuda precisamos quando estamos angustiados”.

Referência: Allsopp, K., Read, J., Corcoran, R., & Kinderman, P. (2019). Heterogeneity in psychiatric diagnostic classification (Heterogeneidade na classificação diagnóstica psiquiátrica). Psychiatry Research, 279, 15–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.07.005

Este artigo foi republicado dos seguintes materiais. . Nota: o material pode ter sido editado quanto ao tamanho e conteúdo. Para mais informações, entre em contato com a fonte citada.

Fonte: Technology Networks

 

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